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- ITSES - |
Eurasian Insectivores and Tree Shrews:
Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan
Published 1995
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Bicoloured white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon)
With a wide distribution in central and eastern Europe the bicoloured white-toothed shrew (Crocidura leucodon) has a patchy distribution in the west. (Photo by Peter Vogel)
Taxonomy: Sorex leucodon Hermann.
IUCN Category of Threat: Lower Risk (subcategory Least Concern).
Description: C. leucodon may be distinguished from C. russula and C. gueldenstaedtii by having a sharper line of demarcation between the dorsal and ventral pelage.
Distribution: This species is found in much of central and eastern Europe with the exception of the British Isles, Iberia, southern and western France, northern Europe, Italy and Greece. An isolated population occurs in southern Italy. Towards the east, it ranges as far as Asia Minor, Arabia and Iran and has been recorded in the Caucasus and Elburz mountains. It is unlikely to occur further east (Corbet, 1992). This species is listed as 'Endangered' in the states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Schleswig-Holstein, Germany (Ingelög et al., 1993).
Habitat: As for C. russula.
Ecology and behaviour: This species has been poorly studied in the wild. It exhibits caravanning behaviour, whereby an adult leads its offspring, each holding in its mouth the tail or rump of the animal in front. This may occur when a nest is disturbed or when juveniles first begin to forage with their mother.
Crocidura levicula -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura levicula Miller and Hollister 1921.
IUCN Category of Threat: Lower Risk (subcategory Least Concern).
Distribution: Central and south-eastern Sulawesi.
Habitat: Lowland and montane forest.
Ecology and behaviour: Crocidura levicula is a diurnal species. No other information is available concerning its ecology or behaviour.
Crocidura malayana -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura malayana Robinson and Kloss 1911.
IUCN Category of Threat: Endangered (Bl and 2c).
Distribution: The exact distribution of this species is unknown; it has been recorded from Perak (west Peninsular Malaysia) and offshore islands.
Crocidura maxi -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura maxi Sody 1936. Ruedi (1994) has suggested that this species be reclassified as C. monticola.
IUCN Category of Threat: Lower Risk (subcategory Least Concern).
Distribution: Recorded from Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands and Ambon (Indonesia).
Crocidura mindorus -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura mindorus Miller 1910.
IUCN Category of Threat: Endangered (Bl and 2c).
Distribution: This species has been recorded from Mt Halcon, Mindoro, Sibuyan Island and the north-west slope of Mt Guiting-guiting, the Philippines (Heaney and Ruedi, 1994).
Crocidura minuta -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura minuta Otten 1917. The status of this name is uncertain; it may be a subspecies of C. monticola, or a senior synonym for C. maxi; see Hutterer (1993).
IUCN Category of Threat: Data Deficient.
Distribution: This species has only been reported from East Java, Indonesia.
Sri Lankan long-tailed shrew (Crocidura
miya) - Return to Top of Page
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Taxonomy: Crocidura miya Phillips 1929.
IUCN Category of Threat: Endangered (Bl and 2c).
Distribution: This species has been described from the central highlands of Sri Lanka, at an altitude of approximately 1000-2000m.
Crocidura monticola
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Taxonomy: Crocidura monticola Peters 1870.
IUCN Category of Threat: Lower Risk (subcategory Least Concern).
Description: Body uniform dull grey-brown. Tail paler with sparse, long, pale hair at the base, usually extending over l cm along the tail.
Distribution: This species has been recorded from Java (Indonesia), Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia (Hutterer, 1993). It has also been observed on Ambon Island (Indonesia) and may exist on the following Indonesian islands: Sumbawa, Lombok, Sumba, Flores, Komodo, Obi and Timor, but all of these need confirmation (Jenkins, 1982).
Crocidura neglecta -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura neglecta Jentink 1888. May be a senior synonym for C. maxi. Ruedi (1994) has suggested that this species be reclassified as C. monticola.
IUCN Category of Threat: Lower Risk (subcategory Least Concern).
Distribution: This species has been recorded from Indonesia, specifically from Sumatra (perhaps including Mt Kerinci), East Java, Sumba, Flores and perhaps Ambon (Moluccas) (Jenkins, 1982). It is sympatric with C. monticola on Java.
Crocidura negrina -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura negrina Rabor 1952.
IUCN Category of Threat: Critically Endangered (BI and 2c).
Description: Small, closely resembling Suncus murinus in external appearance, but much smaller with a relatively longer and more slender tail and much darker pelage; general colour is blackish, tinged with grey on the upperparts; dark hair, brown on underparts with numerous whitish spots, especially on the belly (Rabor, 1977).
Distribution: This species has only been recorded from Cuernos de Negros mountain, Negros Island, the Philippines. Six specimens are known from primary forest at an altitude range of 500-1450m.
Nicobar shrew (Crocidura nicobarica)
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Taxonomy: Crocidura nicobarica Miller 1902. May include C. jenkinsi (Hutterer, 1993).
IUCN Category of Threat: Endangered (Bl and 2c).
Distribution: This species has only been recorded from Great Nicobar Island in the Bay of Bengal.
Crocidura nigripes -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura nigripes Miller and Hollister 1921. A single subspecies, C. n. lipari, has been described on the basis of its larger size.
IUCN Category of Threat: Lower Risk (subcategory Least Concern).
Distribution: North and Central Sulawesi, including the island of Lembeh (north-east Sulawesi).
Habitat: Lowland forest.
Ecology and behaviour: Field observations suggest that this species is primarily nocturnal. No other details of its ecology or behaviour are available at the present time.
Crocidura olivieri -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura olivieri Lesson 1827.
IUCN Category of Threat: Lower Risk (subcategory Least Concern).
Distribution: This species has been recorded from Egypt. Its
range also extends from Senegal to Ethiopia and south to northern South
Africa.
The African giant shrew (Crocidura olivieri) from Bangui, Central African Republic. This species has been recorded from Egypt. (Photo by Tiziano Maddalena)
Crocidura orientalis -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura orientalis Jentink 1890. Previously included with C. fuliginosa, but described as a separate species by Corbet (1992) and Ruedi (1994).
IUCN Category of Threat: Vulnerable (D2).
Description: This species is distinguished from the probably parapatric forms of C. fuliginosa by its longer tail, absence of caudal vibrissae, narrower, much less robust teeth and more pointed coronoid and slender angular processes of the mandibles. It is also smaller, on average, but there is a slight degree of overlap in size (Corbet, 1992).
Distribution: Known for certain only from the vicinity of the type locality at Cibodas, western Java (Indonesia), including Mt Pangrango and Mt Gede at altitudes of 1800-2700m (Corbet, 1992).
Crocidura orii -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura orii Kuroda 1924. Considered a subspecies of C. dsinezumi by Corbet (1978); but see Hutterer (1993).
IUCN Category of Threat: Endangered (BI and 2c).
Description: Closely resembles C. dsinezumi, but C. orii is generally larger.
Distribution: This species is known only from the islands of Amani-Oshima and Tokunoshima in the Ryukyu Islands where it is sympatric with the smaller C. horsfieldii.
Habitat: The habitat preferences of this species are unknown at present.
Crocidura osorio -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura osorio Molina and Hutterer 1989.
IUCN Category of Threat: Vulnerable (D2). This species is protected by Spanish law (Hutterer, 1993).
Description: A small shrew with an average head and body length of 55mm. The general colour is grey-brown, but the species may be identified from the other endemic shrew C. canariensis, by the white undersurface of the former species. There is no sharp distinction between dorsal and ventral coloration (Molina and Hutterer, 1989).
Distribution: This species has only been recorded from the northern cloud zone of Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain. The known distribution of this species is extremely small. Rapid urbanisation, together with changes caused by increasing desiccation on the island may threaten the species (Molina and Hutterer, 1989).
Habitat: Humid parts of northern Gran Canaria where it occurs in remnant patches of the former laurisilva belt, as well as extensively managed farmland (Molina and Hutterer, 1989).
Ecology and behaviour: A recently described species, little is known about this shrew in the wild. One of three endemic mammals to the island, the ecology of this species should be investigated in greater detail (see also comments for C. canariensis, which apply to C. osorio as well).
Crocidura palawanensis -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura palawanensisTaylor 1934. May be conspecific with C. fuliginosa (Heaney et al., 1987).
IUCN Category of Threat: Vulnerable (Bl and 2c).
Distribution: This species has only been recorded from Palawan, the Philippines.
Crocidura paradoxura -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura paradoxura Dobson 1886.
IUCN Category of Threat: Endangered (Bl and 2c).
Description: This species has been described from the holotype which is characterised by a relatively longer tail (159% of head and body length) than in any other Indomalayan Crocidura.
Distribution: This species has only been observed on Mt Singgalang, West Sumatra, at an altitude of 2000m. It may also occur on Mt Pangrango in West Java (1450m) (Corbet, 1992).
Pale grey shrew (Crocidura
pergrisea) - Return to Top
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Taxonomy: Crocidura pergrisea Miller 1913. Formerly included armenica, serezkyensis and zarudnyi, which are now considered distinct species (Hutterer, 1993).
IUCN Category of Threat: Vulnerable (Bl and 2c).
Description: A medium-sized shrew of pale grey coloration. Average size: body and head length 56mm; tail length 45mm.
Distribution: This species is only known from Kashmir, specifically the sites of Baltistan, Shigar and Skoro Loomba.
Habitat: Montane; adapted to semi-arid conditions.
Crocidura pullata -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura pullata Miller 191 1. Formerly included in C. russula by Jenkins (1976); but see Hutterer (1993), who provisionally included rapax and vorax as synonyms.
IUCN Category of Threat: Lower Risk (subcategory Least Concern).
Distribution: The extent of this species' range is unknown, but includes Kashmir, India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Yunnan (China) and Thailand.
Egyptian pygmy shrew (Crocidura
religosa) - Return to Top of
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Taxonomy: Crocidura religosa I. Geoffroy 1827. Considered conspecific with C. nana, but see Hutterer (1993).
IUCN Category of Threat: Data Deficient.
Distribution: This species has only been recorded from the Nile Valley, Egypt.
Habitat: The preferred habitat of this species is not known.
Crocidura rhoditis -
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Taxonomy: Crocidura rhoditis Miller and Hollister 1921.
IUCN Category of Threat: Lower Risk (subcategory Least Concern).
Description: Similar to C. grayi from the Philippines.
Distribution: This species occurs in North, Central and south-western Sulawesi. Habitat: Lowland and montane forest.
Ecology and behaviour: Field observations suggest that this species is nocturnal in habit. At present, however, no other details of its ecology are known.